A few days ago, a friend went to the hospital for treatment. The doctor suggested that he do hyperbaric oxygen. He was very worried and asked if it was safe to be in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber. If there are infectious patients inside, wouldn't it be possible for us to be infected if we were in the same cabin? If the pressure inside the cabin is too high and an explosion occurs, will it result in loss of life? To prevent ..
There may be many people who have such concerns. Then, I'll take you to the hyperbaric oxygen chamber to see what hyperbaric oxygen is. Is there a risk of infection?
one
What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method of treating hypoxic and related diseases by inhaling oxygen with a concentration higher than the local atmospheric oxygen in an environment with pressure higher than the local pressure.
two
What are the types of hyperbaric oxygen chambers?
The hyperbaric oxygen chamber provides a high-pressure vessel for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. It is a medical manned pressure vessel and specialized medical equipment. The design and manufacturing of hyperbaric oxygen chambers should not only comply with the specifications of pressure vessels, but also meet the requirements of healthcare. While ensuring safety, it is necessary to make the operation convenient and the patient feel comfortable during intracavitary treatment.
Hyperbaric oxygen chambers can be divided into multi person chambers and single person chambers based on the number of patients they can accommodate;
According to the size of the cabin, it can be divided into large, medium, small, and baby cabins;
According to the different pressurized media, it can be divided into air chambers and pure oxygen chambers.
three
What diseases can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (indications)?
The Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has formulated 61 indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, involving multiple disciplines, especially in the treatment of diseases such as ischemia and hypoxia, harmful gas poisoning, trauma, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, infections, etc., such as:
1. Various types of poisoning, such as carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon dioxide poisoning, hydride poisoning, pesticide poisoning, etc.
2. Drowning, electrical injury, anesthesia accidents, and other causes of cerebral hypoxia and edema.
3. Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, etc.
4. Digestive system diseases, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers.
5. Infection, such as anaerobic bacterial infections such as gas gangrene and tetanus.
6. Air embolism.
7. Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral atrophy, cerebral ischemia, etc.
8. Skin transplantation, limb replantation, vasculitis, postoperative wound non healing, etc.
9. Neonatal asphyxia, cerebral palsy under 3 years old.
10. Sudden deafness, periodontitis, and oral ulcers.
11. Skin diseases, such as erythema nodosum, scleroderma, neurodermatitis or diabetes dermatitis.
four
Is the air quality safe in hyperbaric oxygen chambers?
The "Technical Specification for Clinical Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen" WS/T422-2013:4.2.5 states that "the hyperbaric oxygen (treatment) ward shall adopt the same hygiene standards as other departmental wards, and the hyperbaric oxygen chamber shall adopt the same hygiene standards as the hospital intensive care unit." The air and items inside the hyperbaric oxygen chamber shall be cleaned and disinfected as required to meet the second level environmental requirements of the "Hospital Hygiene Disinfection Standards", ≤ 4C
five
What safety education should hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment personnel receive?
Safety education for cabin personnel:
1. Do not carry sparks and flammable and explosive materials.
2. Do not wear clothes, shoes, or hats that generate static electricity.
3. It is strictly prohibited to place items contaminated with grease in the cabin.
six
Does hyperbaric oxygen chamber have antibacterial effect?
According to one of the therapeutic principles of hyperbaric oxygen, it can kill anaerobic bacteria and inhibit the growth of aerobic bacteria. Hyperbaric oxygen can enhance the vitality and phagocytic ability of white blood cells. So it can be said that hyperbaric oxygen has antibacterial effects and has a synergistic effect with some antibacterial drugs.
seven
High pressure oxygen chamber infection prevention and control management system?
Based on the characteristics of hyperbaric oxygen therapy such as the "Technical Specification for Disinfection in Medical Institutions" and the "Technical Specification for Clinical Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen" WS/T412-2014, the following infection prevention and control management system is formulated.
1. There is a dedicated person responsible for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, who has received professional training.
2. Compressed air and oxygen must comply with hygiene standards (refer to GB/T18883-2002 "Indoor Air Quality Standards").
3. Disposable oxygen masks or individual disinfection should be used for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. If damaged or contaminated, they should be replaced or disinfected in a timely manner.
4. After each treatment, the spittoons, bedpans, and trash cans used in the cabin should be cleaned thoroughly.
5. The surface of the oxygen chamber should be cleaned regularly.
6. Clothes and shoes specifically designed for doctors should be kept clean and replaced regularly, and any contamination should be promptly replaced.
7. Use peracetic acid, chlorine containing disinfectants, etc. You should use it now to test their concentration.
8. The breathing tee and oxygen hose should be cleaned and disinfected once a week, soaked in 500mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant for 30 minutes, rinsed with clean water, and dried for later use.
9. After each treatment, the cabin and surface should be cleaned, disinfected, and ventilated. The cabin can be exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 30 minutes (the observation window must be covered with organic glass). Ozone generators or air disinfectors can also be used for disinfection. Carry out cabin air culture every quarter.
10. Infectious disease patients should be treated separately. It is strictly prohibited to treat other patients in the same cabin. After treatment, thorough disinfection should be carried out before use. Patients infected with pathogens of unknown infectious diseases such as gas gangrene and tetanus should be treated separately in a separate compartment, and it is strictly prohibited to treat them in the same compartment with other patients. After the patient leaves the cabin, the cabin must undergo strict terminal disinfection treatment:
(1) Air disinfection: Fumigate the high-pressure oxygen chamber contaminated with gas gangrene patients with 3% hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid, spray 3% hydrogen peroxide with 20ml/m3 aerosol, heat with 1g/m3 and fumigate with peracetic acid, humidity 70-90%, seal for 24 hours; Spray 5% peracetic acid solution in 2.5ml/m3 aerosol at a humidity of 20% -40%.
(2) Patients should try to choose disposable medical equipment, tools, and other items as much as possible. After use, the double-layer medical waste bag should be sealed and incinerated.
The medical equipment used by patients with gas gangrene should be disinfected first, then cleaned, and finally sterilized. Disinfection can be done with chlorine disinfectant 1000mg/L~2000mg/L for 30 to 45 minutes. When there are obvious pollutants, a chlorine containing disinfectant of 5000 mg/L to 10000 mg/L should be used for ≥ 60 minutes, and then cleaned and disinfected according to regulations.
After using Prion virus patients, soak them in 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 60 minutes, then clean, disinfect, and sterilize them. Pressure steam sterilization should be carried out at 134 ℃~138 ℃ for 18 minutes, or at 132 ℃ for 30 minutes, or at 121 ℃ for 60 minutes.
Disinfect the surfaces of cabin walls, floors, chairs, tables, and other items used by patients with gas gangrene, and wipe them with 1000mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant.
Disinfect the surfaces of cabin walls, floors, chairs, tables, and other items used by patients with prions, and wipe them with 500mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant.
When the transmission route is unknown, the disinfection scope and items should be determined based on various transmission routes; Determine the disinfection dose (which can be determined based on the dose used to kill spores) according to the highly resistant microorganisms in the pathogen category, and medical personnel should take occupational protection measures.
(3) Used dressings and disposable medical supplies should be promptly packed into double layered yellow medical waste bags and transported in a sealed manner.